VOCAB WORDS FOR FINAL...THE REAL LIST!!!

abase
intolerable
ad infinitum
knave
adept
languid
annex
lithe
apportion
lofty
appreciable
migration
assurance
momentous
asylum
obtrusive
autocratic
pallor
avert
pensive
bona fide
perceive
brawny
precipitous
brunt
preposterous
buoyant
proponent
candid
protract
clique
pugnacious
concerted
quarry
concise
quaver
cordial
rejuvenated
demure
relentless
despicable
remunerate
devitalize
render
dilated
repugnant
divulge
rivulets
dubious
scuttle
dwindle
sever
embroil
skeptical
envoy
sprightly
erroneous
spurn
exorbitant
statutes
expedient
subterfuge
extemporaneous
synthetic
flippant
temperate
glib
threadbare
grievous
venomous
heterogeneous
versatile
impair
vindicate
impel
wane
institute
warp
interim
wily

chapter 25

Chapter 25 by Kristina Fiorillo
Summary:
In chapter 25 Jem teaches Dill how to swim and as they are waling home they see Atticus and Calpurnia and they go with then to tell Tom Robinson’s wife about his death. Scout also tries to squish a roly-poly and Jem tells scout that its wrong, because the roly-poly never did anything to Scout. Also Scout begins to be weary of Bob Ewell.
Changes and development:
In chapter 25 Jem begins to be more sensitive towards other people and things. For example Jem tells scout not to kill the roly-poly, because it didn’t do anything to her. Also Scout begins to see how people in Maycomb really are, and she begins to see that Tom Robinson had no chance of a fair trial due to the racism in Maycomb.
Quotes:
pg 323 "Atticus had used every tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson, but in the secret courts of men’s hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man from the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed."
- this quote is talking about how there was no way that Tom Robinson could of won, because people in Maycomb are racist and believed that Tom was guilty just because he was black.
Pg 320 "‘Why couldn’t I mash him’ I asked ‘Because they don’t bother you’ Jem answered in the darkness."
-This quote is shows that Jem realizes that it is wrong to kill or persecute innocent creatures.
Vocab:
pg 323 Demise:
1. a. Death.
b. The end of existence or activity; termination
Literary Elements:
Pg 322 "...but when it comes down to the line the veneers running mighty thin."
- this is an example of a metaphor
Questions:
Do you think Bob Ewell will try to harm anyone close to Atticus?
How do you think the trial and the death of Tom Robinson has effected Scout and Jem?

Chapter 26: Erin Burke

Chapter 26: Erin Burke
Plot Summary:
School has begun again, Jem is now in the seventh grade, and Scout is in the third grade. Jem has gone out for the football team but he is too small so he carries the water buckets for the team. Since Jem is staying at the school later with the football team, the two children walk home at separate times. Scout explains how she feels bad for trying to make Mr. Arthur Radley (Boo) come out. Every time Scout walks by the Radley’s house, she looks for Boo, hoping he will be sitting on the swing and they will chat and then go on their ways as though it was a regular occurrence. By this time, most of the people in Maycomb forgot about the case. They even re-elected Atticus as state legislator. Each week in Scouts classroom, there is a current events period where they have to get an item from the newspaper and talk about it to the class. Cecil Jacobs brings in an item about Hitler, talking about what he is doing to the Jewish people. Miss Gates, Scout’s teacher, explains in further detail how it is wrong what Hitler is doing. She tells the class that Germany does not have a democracy like us, they are a dictatorship. Miss Gates expressed her hatred for Hitler. Later that day, Scout went home, and she had posed a question for Atticus, this question being is it alright to hate Hitler? He told her it is not okay to hate anyone. She was going to ask Atticus another question, but she just could not word it right, so she went to ask Jem. Jem was in his room eating a large amount of food. He told Scout it was the only way for him to gain twenty-five pounds to get on the football team next year. She tells Jem how Miss Gates hates Hitler and how she said it is not right to persecute anyone. But then Scout asks how Miss Gates could say this when that day in the courthouse when they were leaving Scout overheard Miss Gates saying something to Miss Stephanie Crawford. She heard her saying, “it’s time somebody taught ’em a lesson, they were getting’ way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us.” Then Scout wonders and asks Jem how she can hate Hitler for persecuting the Jewish people but then she can say that about people in her home, Maycomb. Jem became furious, he told her to get out and to never speak of the courthouse again. Scout stayed calm and did not cry, she just went down to Atticus who heard the incident. He told her not to worry; Jem was just trying to forget something until he would be able to think about it without getting upset.
Major Changes and Developments:
In chapter 26, we learn many things about the characters. The reader now realizes that Jem really has been affected by the case just by the way he reacted to Scout’s simple question. We also learn that Scout is growing up because she notices that Boo does not want to be bothered and she feels bad about pestering him. She just wants to see him one time in her life, and she is not afraid of Boo anymore. Also we learn that Scout understands it is not okay to persecute and she notices some people react to Hitler’s persecuting as being bad even though they are persecuting others as well.
Significant Quotations:
1. “I heard her say it’s time somebody taught ‘em a lesson, they were getting’ way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us. Jem, how can you hate Hitler so bad an’ then turn around and be ugly about folks right at home-.”
- This was said by Scout 331.
2. “Atticus said that Jem was trying hard to forget something, but what he was really doing was storing it away for a while, until enough time passed. Then he would be able to think about it and sort things out. When he was able to think about it, Jem would be himself again.”
- This was said by Scout on page 331.
Literary Elements:
One literary element used in Chapter 26 is foreshadowing. Foreshadowing is shown on page 324 and 325, when Scout is expressing her thoughts of Boo Radley. She says she wishes she could get one good look at him, and maybe one day he will just be sitting on a swing when she passes. I believe this is implying that Scout has started to think about Boo again and she will probably meet him soon.
Vocabulary:
Compelled (page 326) - to force or drive, esp. to a course of action (verb)
Mused (page 329) - to think or meditate in silence, as on some subject (verb)
Critical Thinking:
1. Do you think Scout’s fantasy about Boo Radley is implying something that will happen later in the novel? Do you think that this new change in her ideas of Boo will cause her to forget about him or cause her to keep pestering him?
2. Do you think that Scout has begun to grow up based on her ideas about Miss Gates, the trial and Hitler?

Vocab. Words to Know for Final

70 vocab words to know:

abridge
abscond
adjourn
admonish
altercation
annihilate
arbitrary
arduous
assimilate
atone
auspicious
biased
catalyst
cherubic
circumspect
compensate
condone
credible
daunt
diffuse
dilemma
diligent
efface
eminent
erratic
exorbitant
exorcised
fated
fortify
ghastly
hamper
impoverished
inanimate
incessant
incorrigible
intrepid
intricate
inundate
irate
latent
lucid
malign
marauder
meander
mediocre
momentous
morose
obstreperous
opaque
pensive
perilous
pilfered
pompous
prim
rectify
relinquish
reprieve
reprimand
salvage
slapdash
succumb
sully
superfluous
surly
surmount
tantalize
tenacious
tirade
trite
usurp

Chapter 22: Kaela Towne

Summary:
That night, Jem cries, upset about the unfairness of the outcome of the trial. The next day, Maycomb’s black population delivers a large amount of food to the Finch household. Outside, Miss Stephanie Crawford is gossiping with Mr. Avery and Miss Maudie, and she tries to question Jem and Scout about the trial. Miss Maudie rescues the children by inviting them in for some cake. Jem complains that his picture of Maycomb have been shattered: he thought that these people were the best in the world, but, having seen the trial, he doesn’t think so anymore. Miss Maudie points out that there were people who tried to help, like Judge Taylor, who appointed Atticus to the case instead of the regular public defender. She adds that the jury’s staying out so long shows a sign of progress in race relations. As the children leave Miss Maudie’s house, Miss Stephanie runs over to tell them that Bob Ewell approached their father that morning, spat on him, and swore revenge.

Changes + Developments:
In this chapter, we learn more about many of the chraracters. We find that Jem is much more sensitive than he puts out to be and that he also wasn't as mature as he would've like people to think. Atticus' impact on Maycomb becomes more obvious when the black population gives them food. We also learn that not every white adult in Maycomb hate blacks, though we knew this already with Mr Raymond. Miss Maudie comes out still to be overly caring and protective of Jem and Scout.

Quotes:
“’It’s like bein’ a caterpillar in a cocoon, that’s what it is, he said. ‘Like somethin’ asleep wrapped in a warm place. I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that’s what they seemed like.’”(Lee 288) This is said by Jem to Miss Maudie. He is reacting to the trial's outcome. It seems as if the trial opened his eyes to the reality of Maycomb.

"I don't know [how they could convict Tom Robinson], but they did it. They've done it before and they did it tonight and they'll do it again and when they do it-seems that only children weep." This is said to Jem by Atticus after the trial. It clearly shows that Atticus knows what he's up against but will still fight for what he sees as right. It also says that children seem to be the only people who see the world so simply that they see whats rights and not what people believe.

Literary Elements:
At the end of the chapter, we see foreshadowing, as well as a cliffhanger, when Miss Stephenie warns them all of Ewells' actions.

Vocab:
Rabbit-bites - noun, small bites
Heathen - adjective, irreligious

Questions:
Why does Dill want to be a clown?

What do you think is going to happen between Mr. Ewell and Atticus? How do you think this will affect the town?

Chapter 21:Meghan Goode

Plot Summary:
In chapter twenty-one the court case starts to conclude. Calpurnia brings a note to Atticus saying that his children are missing. Mr. Underwood tells Atticus that Scout, Jem, and Dill have been sitting in the colored balcony since one pm. Atticus orders the kids to come downstairs, and when they do he orders them to go home. Before they leave Jem is almost positive that they have won the case, and convinces Atticus that they should be allowed to come back after supper. Calpurnia scolds Jem when walking home because he brought scout to the court case. Both Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandra are astonished that the kids are allowed to go back after they eat. When the kids get back to the court Reverend Skykes had saved them their seats. The court patiently awaits the verdict, and Reverend Skykes tells Jem he has never seen a black man win against a white man. At this point Jem’s hope diminishes, and he becomes upset. Judge Taylor polls the jury, and it voted unanimously that Tom is guilty. When the verdict is read that Tom is guilty Scout and Jem are devastated. The colored balcony rises in respect for Atticus as he passes through the court. Atticus leaves immediately after.

Major Changes and Developments:
In chapter twenty-one many changes and developments occur. In this chapter the verdict is read, which resolves the direct conflict of the court case, but once this is resolved it furthers intensifies the conflict of the children with society. This reading of the verdict also intensifies Atticus and the kid’s conflict with the society of Maycomb. This is because they no longer see the good in society, after hearing this court case. Scout becomes more mature throughout this chapter. She learns how to behave in court, and when to not speak. The conflict of whether the children should be allowed to stay at the trial arises. Atticus is not opposed to the idea, but Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandra are. The conflict is resolved when the kids return after supper with Atticus’s permission. She learns to ask when she does not understand in order to become more involved. Jem’s fragile emotions and empathy skills are further developed when scout sees him gripping the balcony, and upset as the verdict is being read.

Significant Quotations:
1. “A jury never looks at a defendant it has convicted and when this jury came in, not one of them had looked at Tom Robinson.”(282)
This quote helps demonstrate that the jury convicted Tom Robinson, and scout is upset by it. It reveals how racist the society in this setting was, because they convicted him even when the evidence proved him innocent.

2. “I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: ‘Guilty…guilty…guilty…guilty…’ I peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each ‘guilty’ was a separate stab between them”(282)
This quote displays how Jem is sympathetic, and desperately wants Atticus to win the court case. It shows how Jem is not like a typical Maycomb citizen, but he knows what is right, and that Tom is innocent. It shows how his innocence is being taken away from him and his exposure to the evils of prejudice.

Literary Elements:
1. Hyperbole:
“Miss Alexandra’ll absolutely have a stroke of paralysis when she finds out” (277)
Calpurnia says this to Scout and Jem as they are walking home. She says this to make Jem feel remorse about going. She also says this to demonstrate to him that it was a bad idea and Aunt Alexandra will be mad.

2. Foreshadowing:
Scout explains how she has a bad feeling before the verdict is read, and no one is looking at Tom Robinson.
This foreshadows how the verdict is that Tom is guilty. The people not looking at Tom foreshadows that verdict says he is guilty, because people do not look at the man they have convicted.

Vocabulary:
1. Indignant (277)-Adjective- a feeling or expression that shows strong disapproval
2. Droves-(277)-Noun- a large crowd
3. Acquit (277) - Verb- to release or discharge from crime

Critical Thinking
1. How do you think the jury’s conviction will affect Scout, Jem, and Dill?
2. Do you think it was right for the kids to hear the court case, and go back for the verdict?

Chapter 19: Michael Malynn

Plot Summary

Chapter nineteen is about the testimony of Tom Robinson. He is twenty five years old and he is married with three children. Tom is asked about his past criminal record in which he reveals that he had spent thirty days in jail for disorderly conduct because he could not pay to fine involved with the fight he was in. Following the interrogation of his personal life Tom reveals his side of the case. He says that he walked by the Ewell’s house everyday to pick cotton and work for Mr. Link Deas. In his version of the story Mayella Ewell called him into her house to do a routine fix up job of a door whose hinges became loose. The seven kids in the Ewell family had gone into town to get ice cream. As Mayella is getting Tom the screwdriver he tests the hinges which have no problem at all. Next, as Tom was on a chair fixing the door, Mayella grabbed Tom around the legs and kissed him on the side of the face. After trying to escape Tom saw Mr. Ewell in the window, and he cursed at him and threatened to kill him. Tom ran as fast as he could because he was afraid of having to go to court for something he didn’t do. Following the testimony of Tom, Scout brings the crying Dill outside. Dill is upset about the way Tom Robinson had been treated in the courtroom. 

Major Changes and Developments

The reader is informed that Tom has had a minor criminal history. We are introdiced to Mr. Link Deas who owns the property that Tom Robinson works on. The major change in conflict is the very different story of the case in the testimony of Tom Robinson. 

Significant Quotes

“ Mr. Finch, if you was a (black person) like me, you’d be scared, too” (Lee 261)

In this quote said by Tom Robinson he is telling Mr. Finch that being a black man around a white woman alone is very scary. Tom ran because he knew he could potentially be killed for being around her. 

“ Then you were mighty polite to do all that chopping and hauling for her, weren’t you, boy” (Lee 263)

The speaker, Mr. Gilmer, questions the politeness of Tom, and why he would normally do such good deeds for Mayella without pay. It also reveals how Mr. Gilmer refers to Tom as “boy”. Mr. Gilmer treats Tom with little respect and is bias towards the story of Tom. 

Literary Elements

Harper Lee leaves a cliffhanger at the end of chapter nineteen when she leaves the reader thinking about what will happen next in the case. She leaves loose ends with the decision of the judge. 

Vocabualry

misdemeanor (262)-noun- a criminal offense defined as less serious than a felony.

conscience (265)-noun- the inner sense of what is right or wrong in one's conduct or motives, impelling one toward right action

Critical Thinking

 How would the case differ in specific areas is Tom Robinson was a white man?  

Do you think there is anything we don’t know about Dill that made him so upset?